Ingxowa-mali yabaxhamli (i-beneficiary fund ngelasemzini) iqinisekisa ukuba abantwana okanye abantu abaxhomekeke komnye umntu ngokwezezimali bayakhathalelwa emva kokuba ilungu lengxowa-mali liswelekile. Le yingxowa-mali eyahlukileyo kwingxowa yomhlalaphantsi, kwaye ineqela layo labaphathiswa abayilawulayo. Eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba abo baxhomekeke kuyo bayayifumana imali ngendlela ebasebenzelayo.
Xa ilungu lengxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi lisweleka, imali yakhe yokufa kufuneka kwabelwane ngayo kwabo baseleyo. Le yimali edla ngokuba sesona sixa sikhulu usapho oluya kuze luyifumane. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa umxhamli engumntwana omncinane?
Abagcini-mali (ii-trustees) bangakhetha oku kulandelayo: Bangatshintshela isabelo somntwana kwingxowamali yomxhamli okanye ingxowa-mali yendlalifa (i-beneficiary fund). Le ngxowa-mali yasekwa ngo-2009 ukuze kukhuselwe abo baxhomekeke kuyo kwaye basesichengeni, ingakumbi abantwana. Ibonelela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nelawula kakuhle ukuphathwa kwesixa-mali seenzuzo zokufa ezisuka kumhlalaphantsi okanye kwiingxowa-mali zamaqela abantu (i-group life funds).
Ngamafutshane, ingxowa-mali yabaxhamli ikhusela ilifa labantwana de babe badala ngokwaneleyo ukuba bayilawule ngokwabo.
Yintoni ekufuneka bayazi abagcini-mali?
Makhe sithi ugqiba ukuva ngokusweleka kwelungu. Ngoku unoxanduva lomthetho nolusesikweni lokuqinisekisa ukuba abo bebexhomekeke kwilungu eliswelekileyo bayafunyanwa kwaye bakhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Kodwa iintsapho zintsonkothile, awunakuzigqiba. Utata usenokuba nabantwana kumakhaya ahlukahlukeneyo. Umama usenokuba akazange wayihlaziya ifomu enoluhlu lwabaxhamli. Lixesha elinzima eli kwiintsapho, ixesha lentlungu nokuzila. Kungabakho ukuxambulisana, ukufihlwa kweenkcukacha, okanye zikulibale okwakuthenjisiwe. Njengomgcini-mali, khumbula ukuba awenzi phando okanye ukuqoshelisa umsebenzi wamaphepha nje kuphela, kodwa ukwajongene neemvakalelo, inkcubeko namasiko, impixano kunye nelahleko.
Endaweni yokuhlawula imali yomntwana ngqo kulowo ulondoloze umntwana ngokusesikweni, okanye kwilungu losapho (elinokuthi lingayisebenzisi ngokufanekileyo), abagcini-mali banokuyifaka kwingxowa-mali yabaxhamli. Ngalo ndlela, imali iya kulawulwa ngobuchule kwaye ihlawulwe rhoqo, ihlawulelwa izinto ezifana nemali yesikolo, imali yokukhwela ukubheka esikolweni, ukutya okanye iindleko zonyango. Ngamanye amagama, ihlawulwa ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomntwana.
Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa abo balondoloze umntwana bengamanga kakuhle ngokwezimali okanye xa ungquzulwano losapho lubeka ilifa lomntwana esichengeni.
Imali ekwingxowa-mali yabaxhamli ikhuselwe kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa enye into.
Kwezinye iimeko ezibuhlungu, izibonelelo zemali ziyalahleka kuba ziba yinxalenye yelifa lalowo ubengumgcini okanye umlondolozi womntwana, osele naye eswelekile, ashiye umntwana engamfakanga kumyolelo wakhe. Igxowa-mali yabaxhamli iyakuthintela oku ngokuqinisekisa ukuba imali yomntwana igcinwa yodwa kwaye ikhuselekile.
Abagcini-mali kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iingxowa-mali zabaxhamli zilawulwa kakuhle kwaye zibanceda ngokufanelekileyo abaxhamli. Abagcini-mali banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ulawulo lwengxowa-mali oluzinzileyo notyalo-mali olunobulumko olukhusela abantwana ixesha elide.
Ayikokulandela imigaqo nje kuphela oku. Koko kukwenza oko kulungileyo kulowo wakuthembayo ngemali yakhe ayigcinileyo.
Ngumthetho
Iingxowa-mali zabaxhamli zilawulwa phantsi koMthetho weeNgxowa-mali zoMhlalaphantsi kwaye zichazwa “njengombutho wengxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi.” Ngaphambili, amalungu ayekwazi ukunyula kwaye akhethe abaxhamli. Kodwa iCandelo 37C, elabhengezwa ngenyanga yeThupha ku-1976, limisela ukuba ukwabiwa kwezibonelelo zokufa kuhlala kuluxanduva lwabagcini-zimali bengxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi. Ngamanye amagama, abagcini-mali ngabo abathatha isigqibo ngendlela yokwaba imali emva kokuba ilungu liswelekile.
Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba abo bebexhomekeke kwilungu ngokwezimali abashiywa beyimipha echutywe yalahlwa emva kokusweleka kwelungu. Eli candelo lisebenza ngokulinganayo kwiingxowa-mali zabaxhamli.
Okufuneka kwaziwe ngamalungu engxowa-mali
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo amalungu anokuthi ayenzele abantu abaxhomekeke kuwo, ingakumbi abantwana, kukugcina iingxelo zabo zihlaziywe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuquka ukwazisa ingxowa-mali yakho yomhlalaphantsi ngabo bonke abantu abaxhomekeke kuwe: abantwana abazalwa ngaphandle komtshato, abantwana obakhulisileyo kunye nabo nabaphi na abanye abantu abasesichengeni abaxhomekeke kuwe ngokwezimali.
Uninzi lwabemi boMzantsi Afrika abazihlaziyi iifomu zabo zokukhetha abaxhamli. Abanye bafihla ubudlelwane abanabo. Abanye bacinga ukuba imali iya kuphelela “kumntu ofanelekileyo.”
Kodwa umthetho awusebenzi ngolo hlobo. Abagcini-mali kufuneka balandele inkqubo yomthetho, kwaye ukuba ababafumani okanye abakwazi ukuqinisekisa abantu abaxhomekeke kuwe, abantwana bakho banokungayifumani imali. Kwaye ayilolifa ofuna ukulishiya ngasemva elo.
Imibuzo Ekhawulezileyo
Ingaba amalungu engxowa-mali ayakwazi ukukhetha ingxowa-mali yabaxhamli ngaphambi kokuba basweleke?
Hayi – isigqibo senziwa ngumgcini-mali emva kokusweleka kwelungu.
Ingaba inzuzo/imali yomntwana oswelekelwe ngumzali ihlala ifakwa kwingxowa-mali yabaxhamli?
Hayi – kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zomntwana, iimeko zosapho, kunye nengqiqo yomgcini-mali.
Ingaba ingxowa-mali nganye yomhlalaphantsi inengxowa-mali yabaxhamli eyahlukileyo?
Hayi – ingxowa-mali yabaxhamli liqumrhu elisemthethweni elahlukileyo elinabaphathiswa balo.
Eminye imithombo ongafunda kuyo
Retirement fund death benefits
Who benefits if I die young?
Imithombo
FANews: Protecting South Africa’s orphaned minors with beneficiary funds;
Complex Scenarios for Retirement Fund Trustees When a Member Passes Away
Funded by
